142857 - Number Theory And Math Classroom Projects

142857 - Number theory, classroom projects, exploration, and activities surrounding an unusual number with mysterious properties.

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My Pet Number - 142857

I have a most unusual pet. It's not a dog. It's not a cat. It's a number. It's a most amazing number, and it does tricks much more interesting than rolling over, or playing dead. My pet number is: 142857.

Big deal, you say? What kind of 'tricks' can a number like that do? Good question! Let me show you the first trick my pet number can do. Watch what happens when you multiply it by 2.

142857 x 2 = 285714

Study those numbers carefully. What do you notice? Hopefully you noticed that both numbers contain the same digits: 1,2,4,5,7, and 8.

If you were looking carefully, though, you may have noticed something truly amazing: not only does the second number use the same digits, it uses them in the same order!

Okay, so that's mildly amusing...is that the only trick it does? Oh, no! We're just getting started!

142857 x 3 = 428571
142857 x 4 = 571428
142857 x 5 = 714285
142857 x 6 = 857142

In each case, the result of the multiplication uses the same digits, in the same order as the original number.

But why stop at six? Why not multiply by seven? Okay...

142857 x 7 = 999999

Amazingly, the tricks don't stop there, either. Watch what happens when you multiply by eight...

142857 x 8 = 1142856

This doesn't look exactly like the original number, but if you take the first digit off the front of the answer, and add it to the last six digits, look what happens:

1 + 142856 = 142857

You can do this with any number you choose. Watch what happens when you multiply my pet number by 326:

142857 x 326 = 46571382, and 46 + 571382 = 571428

The only exception to this pattern is the multiples of seven:

142857 x 266 = 37999962, and 37 + 999962 = 999999

Here are some interesting things to try:

Can you find a number that doesn't do anything interesting when multiplied by my pet number?
What is the decimal value of the fraction one-seventh? two-sevenths? etc.
Can you find any numbers that behave the same way as 142857?

For those who have some computer programming skill and knowledge of number theory, finding numbers that behave like 142857 is a good project. A clue that may help the student get started is to notice that

¹/₇ = .142857142857142857...

I've found several numbers like this. One of them is so large it takes an entire sheet of paper to print it! In fact, it's so large that it contains every four digit telephone number!

Added note: Just for fun, the following web page contains a "calculator" to showcase what the number 142857 does: 142857 Calculator


	Humphrey Nowlin says: You said that you've found some larger numbers (ie, the one with so many digits it has every 4-digit combination in it) that do the same thing as your pet number 142857. How in the WORLD do you go about getting those numbers? zaphod says: the special and unique feature that makes 142857 work this way is that it is the repeating portion of ¹/₇, and it has six (7 minus 1) digits. so look for integers x such that ¹/_x repeats every (x - 1) digits. one example is ¹/₁₉ = 0.052631578947368421... ²/₁₉ = 0.105263157894736842... and so on. Humphrey Nowlin says: I'm guessing it would be helpful if I was a software developer, huh? Douglas Twitchell says: In case you missed it, I've added a "142857 calculator" to my Online Playground. Link: 142857 Calculator Tharcide says: Quote the special and unique feature that makes 142857 work this way is that it is the repeating portion of ¹/₇, and it has six (7 minus 1) digits. so look for integers x such that ¹/_x repeats every (x - 1) digits. one example is ¹/₁₉ = 0.052631578947368421... ²/₁₉ = 0.105263157894736842... and so on.[/quote Untrue. Try 1/13 0.076923076923076923... 769230 overlaps with 153846 when doing the multiplication thing though. (compare 1/26) albertodc says: Talking about this whole numerology thing, check out this site: http://www.yourluckyip.com It seems they apply the "numerology system" to your computer's IP address and give you a numerology reading on it. I thought it was at least pretty interesting... albertodc says: Talking about this whole numerology thing, check out this site: http://www.yourluckyip.com It seems they apply the "numerology system" to your computer's IP address and give you a numerology reading on it. I thought it was at least pretty interesting...

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